Knowledge of Non-official Languages: Classifications from 1996 and 1991 This appendix presents the non-official language classifications used for the 1996 and 1991 Censuses. The classification, with the exception of English, French and non-verbal languages, is the same as the one used in establishing mother tongue and home language. 1996 Classification 1991 Classification Non-official languages Non-official languages Aboriginal languages Aboriginal languages Algonquian languages Algonquian languages Attikamek1 Not available Blackfoot2 Blackfoot Cree Cree Malecite3 Malecite Micmac4 Micmac Montagnais-Naskapi Montagnais-Naskapi Oji-Cree5 Not available Ojibway Ojibway Algonquin5 Not available Algonquian languages, Algonquian languages, n.i.e. n.i.e.* Athapaskan languages6 Athapaskan languages (Dene) Carrier Carrier Chilcotin Chilcotin Chipewyan7 Chipewyan8 Dene9 Not available Dogrib Dogrib Kutchin-Gwich’in Kutchin-Gwich’in (Loucheux) (Loucheux) North Slave (Hare) North Slave (Hare) South Slave South Slave Athapaskan languages, Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. n.i.e.* Haida Haida Iroquoian languages Iroquoian languages Mohawk Mohawk Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. n.i.e. Kutenai Kutenai Salish languages Salish languages Shuswap 10 Not available Thompson Not available (Ntlakapamux)10 Salish languages, n.i.e.10 Not available Siouan languages 11 Not available Dakota/Sioux12 Dakota Tlingit Tlingit Tsimshian languages11 Not available Gitksan13 Not available Nishga14 Not available Tsimshian Tsimshian* Wakashan languages Wakashan languages Nootka14 Not available Wakashan languages, Not available n.i.e.14 Inuktitut (Eskimo)12 Inuktitut Aboriginal languages, Amerindian languages, n.i.e.12 n.i.e. Romance languages Romance languages Italian Italian Portuguese Portuguese Romanian Romanian Spanish Spanish Romance languages, Romance languages, n.i.e. n.i.e. Germanic languages Germanic languages German German Yiddish Yiddish Germanic languages, Germanic languages, n.i.e. n.i.e. Netherlandic languages Netherlandic languages Dutch Dutch Flemish Flemish Frisian Frisian Scandinavian languages Scandinavian languages Danish Danish Icelandic Icelandic Norwegian Norwegian Swedish Swedish Celtic languages Celtic languages Gaelic languages Gaelic languages Welsh Welsh Celtic languages, n.i.e. Celtic languages, n.i.e. Slavic languages Slavic languages Bulgarian Bulgarian Byelorussian Byelorussian Croatian Croatian Czech Czech Macedonian Macedonian Polish Polish Russian Russian Serbian Serbian Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian Slovak Slovak Slovenian Slovenian Ukrainian Ukrainian Slavic languages, n.i.e. Slavic languages, n.i.e. Baltic languages Baltic languages Latvian (Lettish) Latvian (Lettish) Lithuanian Lithuanian Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric languages Estonian Estonian Finnish Finnish Hungarian Hungarian Greek Greek Armenian Armenian Turkic languages Turkic languages Turkish Turkish Turkic languages, n.i.e. Turkic languages, n.i.e. Semitic languages Semitic languages Amharic15 Not available Arabic Arabic Hebrew Hebrew Maltese Maltese Somali15 Not available Tigringa15 Not available Semitic languages ,n.i.e. Semitic languages, n.i.e.* Indo-Iranian languages Indo-Iranian languages Not available16 Baluchi Bengali Bengali Gujarati Gujarati Hindi Hindi Konkani17 Not available Kurdish Kurdish Marathi Marathi Pashto Pashto Persian (Farsi) Persian (Farsi) Punjabi Punjabi Sindhi17 Not available Sinhalese Sinhalese Urdu Urdu Indo-Iranian languages,n.i.e. Indo-Iranian languages,n.i.e.* Dravidian languages Dravidian languages Kannada18 Not available Malayalam Malayalam Tamil Tamil Telugu Telugu Dravidian languages,n.i.e. Dravidian languages,n.i.e. Japanese Japanese Korean Korean Sino-Tibetan languages Sino-Tibetan languages Chinese19 Chinese Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. n.i.e. Tai languages Tai languages Lao Lao Thai Thai Austro-Asiatic languages Austro-Asiatic languages Khmer (Cambodian) Khmer (Cambodian) Vietnamese Vietnamese Austro-Asiatic Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. languages, n.i.e. Malayo-Polynesian languages Malayo-Polynesian languages Malay-Bahasa12 Indonesian (Malay) Tagalog (Pilipino) Tagalog (Pilipino) Malayo-Polynesian Malayo-Polynesian languages, n.i.e. languages, n.i.e. Asiatic languages, n.i.e. Asiatic languages, n.i.e. Niger-Congo languages Niger-Congo languages Bantu languages Bantu languages Swahili Swahili Bantu languages, n.i.e. Bantu languages, n.i.e. Twi20 Not available Niger-Congo languages, Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. n.i.e.* African languages, n.i.e. African languages, n.i.e. Creoles Creoles Non-verbal languages12 Sign languages Other languages Other languages ______________ * Indicates a major change to the languages and/or dialects making up a specific category. Note: n.i.e. = not included elsewhere Endnotes _______________________________ 1 Attikamek was included with Cree in 1991. 2 In 1996, Blackfoot includes Blood and Piegan; in 1991, they were included with Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 3 In 1996, Malecite includes Passamaquoddy; in 1991, it was included with Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 4 In 1996, Micmac includes Souriquois; in 1991, it was included with Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 5 In 1991, it was included with Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 6 Change of name only; content is the same as in 1991, except as indicated. 7 This category includes Yellowknife which, in 1991, was included with Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. 8 In 1991, Chipewyan included responses of "Dene"; for comparison purposes, the addition of "Dene" and "Chipewyan" in 1996 should yield the equivalent of "Chipewyan" in 1991. 9 This category was included with "Chipewyan" in 1991. 10 It was included with Salish languages in 1991. 11 New distinction of language grouping. 12 Change of name only; content is the same as in 1991. 13 It was included with Tsimshian in 1991. 14 It was included with Wakashan languages in 1991. 15 It was included with Semitic languages, n.i.e. in 1991. 16 This category is included in Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. in 1996. 17 It was included in Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. in 1991. 18 It was included in Dravidian languages, n.i.e. in 1991. 19 Mandarin and Cantonese figures will be available upon request. 20 It was included with Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. in 1991.